水下体积目标宽带阵列尺度估计

通过研究目标声纳窄带离散回波模型,论文建立了水下体积目标宽带离散回波模型。并结合均匀线性阵列信号模型,推导出了基于散射亮点形状、距离、方位角等反映目标尺度信息参量的体积目标宽带离散线性均匀阵列回波模型,为水下体积目标探测与尺度估计提供了可靠的理论依据。仿真与实验对比结果证明了模型的正确、有效性,说明了其实用价值。     

基于Poisson-Markov分布最大后验概率的多通道超分辨率盲复原算法

在Poisson和Markov随机场分布假设基础上,改进了存在噪声时多通道互限制原则,提出了一种基于最大后验概率判据的多通道图像盲复原算法,可在无需已知通道内离散点扩散函数性质、类型和具体分布等先验知识的情况下,在图像幅度限制约束空间和离散点扩散函数能量恒定约束空间内,通过对图像和离散点扩散函数的交替迭代,使两者收敛到全局最优解,最终复原出超分辨率图像.对计算机模拟和实际存在微平移、微离焦情况的图像处理表明：算法在不同信噪比水平和非命中PSF尺寸下具有良好的图像复原效果和稳定性. 关键词： 泊松-马尔科夫分布 最大后验概率 多通道 盲复原     

Noise estimation in single- and multiple-coil magnetic resonance data based on statistical models

Noise estimation is a challenging task in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with applications in quality assessment, filtering or diffusion tensor estimation. Main noise estimators based on the Rician model are revisited and classified in this article, and new useful methods are proposed. Additionally, all the surveyed estimators are extended to the noncentral chi model, which applies to multiple-coil MRI and some important parallel imaging algorithms for accelerated acquisitions. The proposed new noise estimation procedures, based on the distribution of local moments, show better performance in terms of smaller variance and unbiased estimation over a wide range of experiments, with the additional advantage of not needing to explicitly segment the background of the image.     

The optimal path of piston motion for Otto cycle with linear phenomenological heat transfer law

An Otto cycle engine with internal and external irreversibilities of friction and heat leakage, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝△(T -1)], is studied in this paper. The optimal piston motion trajectory for maximizing the work output per cycle is derived for the fixed total cycle time and fuel consumed per cycle. Optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal piston trajectories for the cases of with and w...     

Agency Contracts under Maximum-Entropy

This article proposes the application of the maximum-entropy principle (MEP) to agency contracting (where a principal hires an agent to make decisions on their behalf) in situations where the principal and agent only have partial knowledge on the probability distribution of the output conditioned on the agent’s actions. The paper characterizes the second-best agency contract from a maximum entropy distribution (MED) obtained from applying the MEP to the agency situation consistently with the information available. We show that, with the minimum shared information about the output distribution for the agency relationship to take place, the second-best compensation contract is (a monotone transformation of) an increasing affine function of output. With additional information on the output distribution, the second-best optimal contracts can be more complex. The second-best contracts obtained theoretically from the MEP cover many compensation schemes observed in real agency relationships.     

Using the Semantic Information G Measure to Explain and Extend Rate-Distortion Functions and Maximum Entropy Distributions

In the rate-distortion function and the Maximum Entropy (ME) method, Minimum Mutual Information (MMI) distributions and ME distributions are expressed by Bayes-like formulas, including Negative Exponential Functions (NEFs) and partition functions. Why do these non-probability functions exist in Bayes-like formulas? On the other hand, the rate-distortion function has three disadvantages: (1) the distortion function is subjectively defined; (2) the definition of the distortion function between instances and labels is often difficult; (3) it cannot be used for data compression according to the labels’ semantic meanings. The author has proposed using the semantic information G measure with both statistical probability and logical probability before. We can now explain NEFs as truth functions, partition functions as logical probabilities, Bayes-like formulas as semantic Bayes’ formulas, MMI as Semantic Mutual Information (SMI), and ME as extreme ME minus SMI. In overcoming the above disadvantages, this paper sets up the relationship between truth functions and distortion functions, obtains truth functions from samples by machine learning, and constructs constraint conditions with truth functions to extend rate-distortion functions. Two examples are used to help readers understand the MMI iteration and to support the theoretical results. Using truth functions and the semantic information G measure, we can combine machine learning and data compression, including semantic compression. We need further studies to explore general data compression and recovery, according to the semantic meaning.     

双光子光折变介质中光伏空间孤子

基于双光子光折变介质中空间孤子的统一理论,采用数值模拟的方法,比较了双光子光伏光折变介质中开路光伏空间孤子、短路光伏空间孤子和闭路光伏空间孤子的特性.结果表明:双光子光伏光折变介质中,闭路暗光伏孤子所需非线性要比开路暗光伏孤子所需非线性小,同时暗光伏空间孤子的半峰全宽随着负载电阻的增加而加宽;亮光伏空间孤子的形态与负载电阻基本无关.     

激光器阵列光谱合成的模拟研究

 将输出光谱包络合理近似为高斯型,以高斯算法为基础,利用计算机软件编写了激光器阵列光谱合成模拟软件,实现了对激光器阵列合成波长、半高宽以及光谱图形的模拟。结果表明：用软件进行光束合成的激光器阵列波长与实际测试的波长基本吻合,但存在一定误差。基于这种情况,对模拟结果和实测结果的误差部分进行分析实验,以验证误差分析的正确性,并将误差重新编写到软件。该模拟软件可以在激光器组装阵列之前对激光器单条进行筛选,找出符合组成阵列波长要求的最佳激光器单条,使得实际生产出的激光器阵列波长与阵列的设计波长基本一致。     

菲佐测风激光雷达及风速反演算法

 研制了基于菲佐干涉仪的测风激光雷达系统,并使用高斯拟合法和最大似然法反演风速,对两种风速反演方法进行了分析,结果表明：风速较小时,两种方法具有相似的风速反演精度,但高斯拟合法收敛快、受条纹信噪比影响较小;风速较大时,高斯拟合法会由于条纹移出而产生较大误差,而最大似然法在处理风速较大情况时具有优势。实际风速测量时,应根据风速估计值的大小,采用两种方法分别处理大风速和小风速时的情况。最后,使用研制的测风激光雷达系统和风速反演算法,得到了1.5 km以内的大气风速廓线。     

RAP晶体积分衍射效率的实验研究

以北京同步辐射装置的4B7中能束线为光源,对RAP（邻苯二甲酸氢銣）晶体的积分衍射效率进行了实验标定.结果显示:晶体在不同能量段都得到了完整的衍射峰,扭摆曲线的光滑性和对称性较好,在偏离布喇格角以后衍射效率都迅速下降到本底量级.在2.1~5.8 keV范围内,晶体的积分衍射效率在1×10－4rad左右.